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Java高并发教程
-> ThreadLocal、InheritableThreadLocal
1、必须知道的几个概念
2、并发级别
3、有关并行的两个重要定律
4、JMM相关的一些概念
5、深入理解进程和线程
6、线程的基本操作
7、volatile与Java内存模型
8、线程组
9、用户线程和守护线程
10、线程安全和synchronized
11、中断线程的几种方式
12、JUC中ReentrantLock
13、JUC中的Condition
14、JUC中的LockSupport工具类
15、UC中的Semaphore(信号量)
16、JUC中的CountDownLatch
17、JUC中的循环栅栏CyclicBarrier
18、线程池
19、JUC中的Executor框架详解1
20、JUC中的Executor框架详解2
21、java中的CAS
22、java中的UnSafe类
23、JUC中的原子操作类
24、ThreadLocal、InheritableThreadLocal
25、JUC中的阻塞队列
26、JUC中一些常见的集合
27、实战:你的接口太慢了需要优化
28、实战:构建日志系统
29、实战:一起来搞懂限流
30、JUC中的CompletableFuture
31、等待线程完成的方式你知道几种?
32、原子操作增强类LongAdder、LongAccumulator
33、怎么演示公平锁和非公平锁
34、谷歌提供的一些好用的并发工具类
35、延迟队列 DelayQueue 详解
36、线程6种状态详解
37、如何实现一个通用的延迟队列?
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<div style="display:none"></div> ## 本文内容 1. 需要解决的问题 2. 介绍ThreadLocal 3. 介绍InheritableThreadLocal ## 需要解决的问题 > 我们还是以解决问题的方式来引出`ThreadLocal`、`InheritableThreadLocal`,这样印象会深刻一些。 目前java开发web系统一般有3层,controller、service、dao,请求到达controller,controller调用service,service调用dao,然后进行处理。 我们写一个简单的例子,有3个方法分别模拟controller、service、dao。代码如下: ```java package com.itsoku.chat24; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018 */ public class Demo1 { static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1); //创建处理请求的线程池子 static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(), r -> { Thread thread = new Thread(r); thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement()); return thread; }); //记录日志 public static void log(String msg) { StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace(); System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ",[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg); } //模拟controller public static void controller(List<String> dataList) { log("接受请求"); service(dataList); } //模拟service public static void service(List<String> dataList) { log("执行业务"); dao(dataList); } //模拟dao public static void dao(List<String> dataList) { log("执行数据库操作"); //模拟插入数据 for (String s : dataList) { log("插入数据" + s + "成功"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //需要插入的数据 List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { dataList.add("数据" + i); } //模拟5个请求 int requestCount = 5; for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) { disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> { controller(dataList); }); } disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown(); } } ``` 运行结果: ```java ****1565338891286,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求 ****1565338891286,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求 ****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务 ****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ``` 代码中调用controller、service、dao 3个方法时,来模拟处理一个请求。main方法中循环了5次模拟发起5次请求,然后交给线程池去处理请求,dao中模拟循环插入传入的dataList数据。 **问题来了:开发者想看一下哪些地方耗时比较多,想通过日志来分析耗时情况,想追踪某个请求的完整日志,怎么搞?** 上面的请求采用线程池的方式处理的,多个请求可能会被一个线程处理,通过日志很难看出那些日志是同一个请求,我们能不能给请求加一个唯一标志,日志中输出这个唯一标志,当然可以。 如果我们的代码就只有上面示例这么简单,我想还是很容易的,上面就3个方法,给每个方法加个traceId参数,log方法也加个traceId参数,就解决了,代码如下: ```java package com.itsoku.chat24; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018 */ public class Demo2 { static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1); //创建处理请求的线程池子 static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(), r -> { Thread thread = new Thread(r); thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement()); return thread; }); //记录日志 public static void log(String msg, String traceId) { StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace(); System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg); } //模拟controller public static void controller(List<String> dataList, String traceId) { log("接受请求", traceId); service(dataList, traceId); } //模拟service public static void service(List<String> dataList, String traceId) { log("执行业务", traceId); dao(dataList, traceId); } //模拟dao public static void dao(List<String> dataList, String traceId) { log("执行数据库操作", traceId); //模拟插入数据 for (String s : dataList) { log("插入数据" + s + "成功", traceId); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //需要插入的数据 List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { dataList.add("数据" + i); } //模拟5个请求 int requestCount = 5; for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) { String traceId = String.valueOf(i); disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> { controller(dataList, traceId); }); } disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown(); } } ``` 输出: ```java ****1565339559773[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求 ****1565339559773[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求 ****1565339559773[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求 ****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务 ****1565339559774[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务 ****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565339559774[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务 ****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339559774[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339559774[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339559774[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求 ****1565339559775[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务 ****1565339559775[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565339559775[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339559775[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求 ****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务 ****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作 ****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功 ``` 上面我们通过修改代码的方式,把问题解决了,但前提是你们的系统都像上面这么简单,功能很少,需要改的代码很少,可以这么去改。但事与愿违,我们的系统一般功能都是比较多的,如果我们都一个个去改,岂不是要疯掉,改代码还涉及到重新测试,风险也不可控。那有什么好办法么? ## ThreadLocal 还是拿上面的问题,我们来分析一下,每个请求都是由一个线程处理的,线程就相当于一个人一样,每个请求相当于一个任务,任务来了,人来处理,处理完毕之后,再处理下一个请求任务。人身上是不是有很多口袋,人刚开始准备处理任务的时候,我们把任务的编号放在处理者的口袋中,然后处理中一路携带者,处理过程中如果需要用到这个编号,直接从口袋中获取就可以了。那么刚好java中线程设计的时候也考虑到了这些问题,Thread对象中就有很多口袋,用来放东西。Thread类中有这么一个变量: ```java ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null; ``` 这个就是用来操作Thread中所有口袋的东西,`ThreadLocalMap`源码中有一个数组(有兴趣的可以去看一下源码),对应处理者身上很多口袋一样,数组中的每个元素对应一个口袋。 如何来操作Thread中的这些口袋呢,java为我们提供了一个类`ThreadLocal`,ThreadLocal对象用来操作Thread中的某一个口袋,可以向这个口袋中放东西、获取里面的东西、清除里面的东西,这个口袋一次性只能放一个东西,重复放东西会将里面已经存在的东西覆盖掉。 常用的3个方法: ```java //向Thread中某个口袋中放东西 public void set(T value); //获取这个口袋中目前放的东西 public T get(); //清空这个口袋中放的东西 public void remove() ``` 我们使用ThreadLocal来改造一下上面的代码,如下: ```java package com.itsoku.chat24; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018 */ public class Demo3 { //创建一个操作Thread中存放请求任务追踪id口袋的对象 static ThreadLocal<String> traceIdKD = new ThreadLocal<>(); static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1); //创建处理请求的线程池子 static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(), r -> { Thread thread = new Thread(r); thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement()); return thread; }); //记录日志 public static void log(String msg) { StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace(); //获取当前线程存放tranceId口袋中的内容 String traceId = traceIdKD.get(); System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg); } //模拟controller public static void controller(List<String> dataList) { log("接受请求"); service(dataList); } //模拟service public static void service(List<String> dataList) { log("执行业务"); dao(dataList); } //模拟dao public static void dao(List<String> dataList) { log("执行数据库操作"); //模拟插入数据 for (String s : dataList) { log("插入数据" + s + "成功"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //需要插入的数据 List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { dataList.add("数据" + i); } //模拟5个请求 int requestCount = 5; for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) { String traceId = String.valueOf(i); disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> { //把traceId放入口袋中 traceIdKD.set(traceId); try { controller(dataList); } finally { //将tranceId从口袋中移除 traceIdKD.remove(); } }); } disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown(); } } ``` 输出: ```java ****1565339644214[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求 ****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求 ****1565339644214[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求 ****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务 ****1565339644214[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务 ****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作 ****1565339644214[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务 ****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339644214[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作 ****1565339644214[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作 ****1565339644215[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求 ****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求 ****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务 ****1565339644215[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作 ****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务 ****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作 ****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功 ****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功 ``` 可以看出输出和刚才使用traceId参数的方式结果一致,但是却简单了很多。不用去修改controller、service、dao代码了,风险也减少了很多。 代码中创建了一个`ThreadLocal traceIdKD`,这个对象用来操作Thread中一个口袋,用这个口袋来存放tranceId。在main方法中通过`traceIdKD.set(traceId)`方法将traceId放入口袋,log方法中通`traceIdKD.get()`获取口袋中的traceId,最后任务处理完之后,main中的finally中调用`traceIdKD.remove();`将口袋中的traceId清除。 **ThreadLocal的官方API解释为:** > “该类提供了线程局部 (thread-local) 变量。这些变量不同于它们的普通对应物,因为访问某个变量(通过其 get 或 set 方法)的每个线程都有自己的局部变量,它独立于变量的初始化副本。ThreadLocal 实例通常是类中的 private static 字段,它们希望将状态与某一个线程(例如,用户 ID 或事务 ID)相关联。” ## InheritableThreadLocal 继续上面的实例,dao中循环处理dataList的内容,假如dataList处理比较耗时,我们想加快处理速度有什么办法么?大家已经想到了,用多线程并行处理`dataList`,那么我们把代码改一下,如下: ```java package com.itsoku.chat24; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018 */ public class Demo4 { //创建一个操作Thread中存放请求任务追踪id口袋的对象 static ThreadLocal<String> traceIdKD = new ThreadLocal<>(); static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1); //创建处理请求的线程池子 static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(), r -> { Thread thread = new Thread(r); thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement()); return thread; }); //记录日志 public static void log(String msg) { StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace(); //获取当前线程存放tranceId口袋中的内容 String traceId = traceIdKD.get(); System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg); } //模拟controller public static void controller(List<String> dataList) { log("接受请求"); service(dataList); } //模拟service public static void service(List<String> dataList) { log("执行业务"); dao(dataList); } //模拟dao public static void dao(List<String> dataList) { CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(dataList.size()); log("执行数据库操作"); String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); //模拟插入数据 for (String s : dataList) { new Thread(() -> { try { //模拟数据库操作耗时100毫秒 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100); log("插入数据" + s + "成功,主线程:" + threadName); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { countDownLatch.countDown(); } }).start(); } //等待上面的dataList处理完毕 try { countDownLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //需要插入的数据 List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { dataList.add("数据" + i); } //模拟5个请求 int requestCount = 5; for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) { String traceId = String.valueOf(i); disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> { //把traceId放入口袋中 traceIdKD.set(traceId); try { controller(dataList); } finally { //将tranceId从口袋中移除 traceIdKD.remove(); } }); } disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown(); } } ``` 输出: ```java ****1565339904279[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565339904279[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565339904279[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565339904279[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565339904279[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565339904279[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565339904279[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565339904279[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565339904279[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-5],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-4],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-6],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-9],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-8],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-10],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565339904282[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-7],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-11],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565339904282[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565339904282[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565339904283[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565339904283[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565339904283[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565339904283[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-12],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565339904283[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-13],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565339904283[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-14],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565339904284[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-15],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565339904284[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-17],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565339904284[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-16],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ``` 看一下上面的输出,有些traceId为null,这是为什么呢?这是因为dao中为了提升处理速度,创建了子线程来并行处理,子线程调用log的时候,去自己的存放traceId的口袋中拿去东西,肯定是空的了。 那有什么办法么?可不可以这样? 父线程相当于主管,子线程相当于干活的小弟,主管让小弟们干活的时候,将自己兜里面的东西复制一份给小弟们使用,主管兜里面可能有很多牛逼的工具,为了提升小弟们的工作效率,给小弟们都复制一个,丢到小弟们的兜里,然后小弟就可以从自己的兜里拿去这些东西使用了,也可以清空自己兜里面的东西。 `Thread`对象中有个`inheritableThreadLocals`变量,代码如下: ```java ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null; ``` inheritableThreadLocals相当于线程中另外一种兜,这种兜有什么特征呢,当创建子线程的时候,子线程会将父线程这种类型兜的东西全部复制一份放到自己的`inheritableThreadLocals`兜中,使用`InheritableThreadLocal`对象可以操作线程中的`inheritableThreadLocals`兜。 `InheritableThreadLocal`常用的方法也有3个: ```java //向Thread中某个口袋中放东西 public void set(T value); //获取这个口袋中目前放的东西 public T get(); //清空这个口袋中放的东西 public void remove() ``` 使用`InheritableThreadLocal`解决上面子线程中无法输出traceId的问题,只需要将上一个示例代码中的`ThreadLocal`替换成`InheritableThreadLocal`即可,代码如下: ```java package com.itsoku.chat24; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018 */ public class Demo4 { //创建一个操作Thread中存放请求任务追踪id口袋的对象,子线程可以继承父线程中内容 static InheritableThreadLocal<String> traceIdKD = new InheritableThreadLocal<>(); static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1); //创建处理请求的线程池子 static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(), r -> { Thread thread = new Thread(r); thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement()); return thread; }); //记录日志 public static void log(String msg) { StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace(); //获取当前线程存放tranceId口袋中的内容 String traceId = traceIdKD.get(); System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg); } //模拟controller public static void controller(List<String> dataList) { log("接受请求"); service(dataList); } //模拟service public static void service(List<String> dataList) { log("执行业务"); dao(dataList); } //模拟dao public static void dao(List<String> dataList) { CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(dataList.size()); log("执行数据库操作"); String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); //模拟插入数据 for (String s : dataList) { new Thread(() -> { try { //模拟数据库操作耗时100毫秒 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100); log("插入数据" + s + "成功,主线程:" + threadName); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { countDownLatch.countDown(); } }).start(); } //等待上面的dataList处理完毕 try { countDownLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //需要插入的数据 List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { dataList.add("数据" + i); } //模拟5个请求 int requestCount = 5; for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) { String traceId = String.valueOf(i); disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> { //把traceId放入口袋中 traceIdKD.set(traceId); try { controller(dataList); } finally { //将tranceId从口袋中移除 traceIdKD.remove(); } }); } disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown(); } } ``` 输出: ```java ****1565341611454[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565341611454[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565341611454[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565341611454[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565341611454[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565341611454[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565341611454[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565341611454[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565341611454[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565341611557[traceId:2],[线程:Thread-5],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565341611557[traceId:0],[线程:Thread-4],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565341611557[traceId:1],[线程:Thread-11],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565341611557[traceId:1],[线程:Thread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565341611557[traceId:1],[线程:Thread-8],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565341611557[traceId:0],[线程:Thread-6],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565341611557[traceId:0],[线程:Thread-10],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565341611557[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565341611557[traceId:2],[线程:Thread-9],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565341611558[traceId:2],[线程:Thread-7],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3 ****1565341611557[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565341611557[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求 ****1565341611558[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565341611558[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务 ****1565341611558[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作 ****1565341611659[traceId:3],[线程:Thread-15],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565341611659[traceId:4],[线程:Thread-14],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565341611659[traceId:3],[线程:Thread-13],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565341611659[traceId:3],[线程:Thread-12],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2 ****1565341611660[traceId:4],[线程:Thread-16],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ****1565341611660[traceId:4],[线程:Thread-17],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1 ``` 输出中都有traceId了,和期望的结果一致。 希望通过这篇文章可以学会使用`InheritableThreadLocal`和`InheritableThreadLocal`。有问题可以加我微信`itsoku`交流,也可以留言,谢谢。 <a style="display:none" target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_S1DD2JADnXvpexxaBwLLg" style="color:red; 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